Magnetotellurics¶

This object can be used to store magnetotelluric (MT) surveys - a natural-source geophysical method. Data are provided in the frequency-domain as point source measurements of either impedances or apparent resistity/phase.

The following example shows how to generate an MT survey with associated data stored in geoh5 format and accessible from Geoscience ANALYST.

mtSurvey

[1]:

import numpy as np
from geoh5py.workspace import Workspace
from geoh5py.objects import MTReceivers

# Create a new project
workspace = Workspace("my_project.geoh5")

# Define a synthetic survey with receivers on 2 lines, 60 m apart
x_loc, y_loc = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-5, 5, 2), np.linspace(0., 20., 9))
vertices = np.c_[x_loc.ravel(), y_loc.ravel(), np.zeros_like(x_loc).ravel()]

# Create the survey from vertices
mt_survey = MTReceivers.create(workspace, vertices=vertices)

Only receivers are needed to define the survey as MT uses the ambient electromagntic field of the Earth - no transmitters (source) required.

Metadata¶

Along with the MTReceivers, the metadata contains all the necessary information to define the geophysical experiment.

[2]:

mt_survey.metadata

[2]:

{'EM Dataset': {'Channels': [],
  'Input type': 'Rx only',
  'Property groups': [],
  'Receivers': UUID('ab5ab703-2c8e-4b64-8e90-351013a3677a'),
  'Survey type': 'Magnetotellurics',
  'Unit': 'Hertz (Hz)'}}

Channels¶

List of frequencies at which the data are provided.

[3]:

mt_survey.channels = [1., 10., 100.]

Input type¶

Generic label used in the geoh5 standard for all EM survey entities. Restricted to Rx only in the case of natural sources methods.

Property groups¶

List of PropertyGroups defining the various data components (e.g. Zxx (real), Zxy (imag), …). It is not required to supply all components of the impedence tensor, but it is expected that each component contains a list of data channels of length and in the same order as the Channels (one Data per frequency).

The class method add_components_data can help users add data from nested dictionaries. Below is an example using four components:

[4]:

# Arbitrary data generator using sine functions
data_fun = lambda c, f: (c+1.) * np.sin(f * np.pi * (x_loc * y_loc).ravel() / 200.)

# Create a nested dictionary of component and frequency data.
data = {
    component : {
        f"{component}_{freq}": {"values": (ff+1)*1000. + (cc+1) * 100. + np.arange(vertices.shape[0])} for ff, freq in enumerate(mt_survey.channels)
    } for cc, component in enumerate([
        "Zxx (real)", "Zxx (imaginary)",
        "Zxy (real)", "Zxy (imaginary)",
        "Zyx (real)", "Zyx (imaginary)",
        "Zyy (real)", "Zyy (imaginary)",
    ])
}

mt_survey.add_components_data(data)

[4]:

[<geoh5py.groups.property_group.PropertyGroup at 0x7f5f207e8e10>,
 <geoh5py.groups.property_group.PropertyGroup at 0x7f5f20791950>,
 <geoh5py.groups.property_group.PropertyGroup at 0x7f5f20794dd0>,
 <geoh5py.groups.property_group.PropertyGroup at 0x7f5f20794510>,
 <geoh5py.groups.property_group.PropertyGroup at 0x7f5f20791790>,
 <geoh5py.groups.property_group.PropertyGroup at 0x7f5f20796450>,
 <geoh5py.groups.property_group.PropertyGroup at 0x7f5f2079b190>,
 <geoh5py.groups.property_group.PropertyGroup at 0x7f5f20724390>]

Metadata are updated immediately to reflect the addition of components:

[5]:

mt_survey.metadata

[5]:

{'EM Dataset': {'Channels': [1.0, 10.0, 100.0],
  'Input type': 'Rx only',
  'Property groups': ['Zxx (real)',
   'Zxx (imaginary)',
   'Zxy (real)',
   'Zxy (imaginary)',
   'Zyx (real)',
   'Zyx (imaginary)',
   'Zyy (real)',
   'Zyy (imaginary)'],
  'Receivers': UUID('ab5ab703-2c8e-4b64-8e90-351013a3677a'),
  'Survey type': 'Magnetotellurics',
  'Unit': 'Hertz (Hz)'}}

Data channels associated with each component can be quickly accessed through the BaseEMSurvey.components property:

[6]:

mt_survey.components

[6]:

{'Zxx (real)': [<geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20fc6b50>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f4c0a3e10>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f4c0bd6d0>],
 'Zxx (imaginary)': [<geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f207d1910>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20791b10>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20791d10>],
 'Zxy (real)': [<geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20791e10>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20794d10>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20794ed0>],
 'Zxy (imaginary)': [<geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20794fd0>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20794850>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20794790>],
 'Zyx (real)': [<geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20794650>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f207916d0>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20791110>],
 'Zyx (imaginary)': [<geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20791290>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20796310>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20796490>],
 'Zyy (real)': [<geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f2079c210>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f2079ce90>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f2079ced0>],
 'Zyy (imaginary)': [<geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f2079b250>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20724210>,
  <geoh5py.data.float_data.FloatData at 0x7f5f20724310>]}

Receivers¶

Generic label used in the geoh5 standard for EM survey to identify the receiver entity. Restricted to itself in the case of MTReceivers.

Survey type¶

Label identifier for Magnetotellurics survey type.

Unit¶

Units for frequency sampling of the data: Hertz (Hz), KiloHertz (kHz), MegaHertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz).